Easy Arooz - Chapter-1 (Ibtadai baaten):Shayari ki Batein- Sawaal Jawaab

Tamheed

Tamheed buhat lambi hay. Hum us k khaas hisay short kar rahay hen takay dhiyaan asal maqsad ki taraf rahay.

1.   Apni tehqeer ka byaan, yaani is ilm men hum khud buhat chhotay hen.

2.   Doosron ki azmat ka bayaan, yaani yahan buhat say log hum say kahin zyada ilm rakhtay hen.

3.   Us k baad ye k hum khud sukhan k shagird hen. Jo seekh rahay hen socha k yahan share kartay rahen.

4.   Hamen achhi tarah pata hay k buhat say log ye sub seekhna nahi chahtay. Hum khud bhe yahan adab ki khidmat nahi karnay aatay. Hamaray yahan honay ki ake waja hay tu sahi par wo hum abhi bhool gayay hen k kya hay. Ye mazaameen yahan rahen tu may be kabhi kisi k kuch kaam aa he sakay.

5.   Share karnay k do faaiday hen, ake tu ye k may be kisi ko is say kuch faida puhunch sakay, aur doosra ye faida k, kyun k hum yahan mazaameen likhnay men masroof ho jaain gay tu log hamari likhi fazool poetry parhnay say mehfooz rahen gay.

6.   Yahan khud ko masroof kar lenay or poetry na karnay ka ake aur faida bhe hay, lekin wo hum is waqt bhool gayay hen.

7.   Hum mazaameen ki shakal men alehda alehda threads men ake poora silsila likhen gay aur koshish ho ge wohi likhen jo books men likha gaya hay, khud say kuch aisa na likhen jo ghalat ho.

Baqol-e-Ghalib

Manzoor hay guzaarish-e-ehvaal-e-waaqai
Apna bayaan-e-husn-e-tabeeyat nahi mujhay

8.   Yahan zyada tar mavaad mohtaram janaab Sarwar Raz sahab ki books say liya gaya hay.

9.   Hum Hindi parhnay, likhnay aur samajhnay say qasir hen, is liyay koi zubaan ka faraq agar ghalti karvayay hum say tu tas'hee aur maafi chaahen gay hum.

10.   Hamaray ake dost Rao sahab aksar hamaari ghalati ye keh kar maaf kar detay hen k "ghalati tu insaan say bhe ho jaati hay". So aap say bhe yehi guzaarish hay k jo likh rahay hen khaalisatan ilmi havaalay say hay. Hum achhi neeyat say likh rahay hen lekin juzvi ya quli taur par ghalat ho saktay hen. Jitna ilm-o-danish hay wohi haazir ki ja sakti hay. So ghalatiyon ko maaf farmaaiyay ga...

11.   Sub say ehem baat... guzaarish k kuch log kabhi kabhi apni achhi aur aajizaana tabiyat ki waja say hamen "sir" keh jaatay hen. So sub say guzaarish hay k koi "sir" na kahay. Na sirf ye k hum is lafz k mayaar par pooray nahi utartay, balkay, jo log is k ehel hen un ki tehqeer hoti hay.

Harf-e-aval

Ilm-e-arooz buhat aasaan ilm hay. Akser log hamaari tarah samajhtay hen k ye motay motay ajeeb say alfaaz pata nahi konsi qayaamat hen. Dar-asal aisa hay nahi. Jin logon ki tabiyat men zara sa bhe thehraao hay, wo kuch waqt nikaal kar in mazaameen ko parh len. Jitna bhe samajh ayay, ilmi havaalay say kaam ayay ga.

Ibtadaa

Apni baat ko bayaan karnay k do tareekay raaij hen. ake ko nasar kehtay hen aur doosray ko shaairi.

Nasar

Aam taur par bolay jaanay ka tareeqa, jo jumlon par mushtamil hota hay. In jumlon men moseeqiyat nahi hoti, ye nasar kehlaati hay.

Shaairi

Urdu adab men wo ilm jisay "ilm-e-arooz" kehtay hen, k mutaabiq jo kalaam, jaanch partaal k baad mozoon na sabit ho, shaairi kehlta hay.

Ilm-e-Arooz

Aisa ilm hay jis k zariyay aawaazon ka mutaalaa kiya jata hay, k wo kis andaaz men ada hoti hen yani lambi ya chhoti. shaairi ka mutala kiya jata hay aur usay "Sauti Tanazum" kehtay hen (Dars-e-balaaghat).

"arooz wo ilm hay, jo sho'raa k kalaam ki jaanch partaal kata hay. misron ko naapta tolta hay, taakay pata chalay k wo muqarara ozaan men say kisi wazan ky barabar hen ya nahi. ilm-e-arooz men sher k buhat say ozaan muqarar kiyay gayay hen (tafheem-ul-arooz)

Asaan alfaaz men, ilm-e-arooz shayari k moazan (wazan men honay) ya ghair moazan (wazan men na honay) honay ki partaal ka ilm hay.

Ilm-e-arooz ki ehmiyat

Koi maanay ya na maanay, shayaari k liyay ilm-e-arooz zaroori nahi hay. yaani shaairi is ilm ko jaanay aur parhay baghair bhe ki jaa sakti hay, balkay ki jaati hay. buhat say log, is ka ilm na hotay bhe buhat achha likh letay hen. yoon keh lejiyay k atkal say likhtay hen. ilm-e-arooz agarche zaroori nahi, lekin ye baat bhe nahi jhutlaai ja sakti k, is k baghair ghalati ka chance rehta hay aur likhnay walay ko pata nahi chalay ga k wo ghalati kar raha hay. yani ye har shaair ki pocket dictionary ki tarah hay. shaair akser rhythm men maahir ho jaatay hen, lekin jahan masla atkay tu is ki roshni men dekhtay hen. ake achha shaair is k baghair nahi chalta.

Ibtadaai aur zaroori baaten

Kai log jub shaairi say related baat kartay hen tu kai ghalatiyaan kartay hen. maslan kai log beher aur zameen ko ake he baat samajhtay hen. kai log ye bhe kehtay hen k filaan misra beher say gira hua hay. Hum mukhtasir sa taaruf karva detay hen kuch zaroori cheezon ka. taakay jub hum ye istalaahaat istemaal karen tu parhnay walay samajh saken.

Ghazal

Ye wo sinf hay, jis k peechay aaj kal poori shair bradri pari hui hay, jis ki waja shayad yehi hay k ustaadoN ne zyada tar ghazal he ki taraf dhiyan diya hay. Nazm ki taraf dhiyaan kam hay. Hum bhe isi ko lay kar chalen gay yahan. Zyada tafseel k bajayay examples say kaam liya jaayay tu behtar.

Ghazal bataur namoona (Momin Khan Momin Dehelvi)

Tum bhi rehnay lagay khafa saahib
Kahin saaya mera paraa saahib

Hay ye banda he bay wafa saahib
Ghair aur tum bhalay bhala saahib

Kyun ulajhtay ho jumbish-e-lab say
Khair hay, main ne kya kaha saahib

Dam-e-aakhir bhe tum nahi aayay
Bandagi ab kay main chala saahib

Kis pe bigray thay, kis pe ghusa tha
Raat tum kis pay thay khafaa saahib

Naam-e-ishq-e-butaan na lo Momin
Kijiyay ab khuda khuda saahib

Ab is k hisay aur un ka bayaan.

Misra
Is ghazal men 12 misray hen. Yaani har line ake misra.

Sher

Is ghazal kay 6 sher hen. Har do misron say ake sher banta hay. Har sher ko numaayaan taur par thora faaslay par likha jaata hay.

Matla'a

Ye ghazal ka pehla sher hota hay aur is men radeef or qafiyay ki pabandi ki jaati hay. Is ghazal ka matla ye hay: -

Tum bhi rehnay lagay khafa saahib
Kahin saaya mera paraa saahib

Kisi bhe ghazal k ake say zyada matlay ho saktay hen. Jaisay ooper ki ghazal men doosra sher bhe kafiya aur radeef ki pabandi kar raha hay. Aisi soorat men pehlay sher ko "matla-e-oola" ya "matla-e-aval" kehtay hen aur doosray ko "husn-e-matla" ya "matla-e-saani" kehtay hen.

Maqta'a

ye ghazal ka aakhri sher hota hay. Shaair amooman apna Takhalus is men likhtay hen. Ye zaroori shart nahi hay. Lekin shaair aisa kar k goya apni muhar ya stamp laga detay hen ghazal par.

Radeef

Ye wo lafz ya alfaaz ka majmooaa hay jo akser ghazlon k pehlay sher k dono misron men khasoosan aur baaki k sub ashaar k doosray misron men laziman aakhir men hota hay. ooper ki example men, "saahib" radeef hay.

Havas ko hay nishaat-e-kaar kya kya
Na ho marna tu jeenay ka mazaa kya (Ghalib)

In donon misron men "kya" wo lafz hay jo aakhir men repeat hua hay. "kya" radeef hay.

Qafiya

Ye wo lafz hota hay jo ghazal k pehlay sher k dono misron men aur baaki k ash'aar k doosray misron men radeef say pehlay laaziman aata hay isay qafiya kehtay hen. Ooper ki ghazal men, "khafa", "para", "wafa", "bhala", "kaha", "chala", "tha" aur "khuda" qaafiyay hen.

Ghair murraddaf ghazal

Aisi ghazal, jis men radeef na ho, yaani har misra qafiya par khatam ho jayay tu us ghazal ko ghair murraddaf kahen gay.

Yaani agar ooper ki ghazal aisay hoti (Momin sb say maazrat k saath) tu ye ghair murraddaf kehlaati

Tum bhi rehnay lagay khafa
Kahin saaya mera paraa

Hay ye banda he bay wafa
Ghair aur tum bhalay bhala

Zameen

Qafia aur radeef ko mila kar likh diya jata hay. Yaani ooper ki ghazal ki zameen ye hay "khafa saahib", "para saahib".

Ghalib ki is ghazal men "qadam dekhtay hen", "iram dekhtay hen" zameen hay

Jahaan tera naqsh-e-qadam dekhtay hen
Khiraamaan khiraamaan, iram dekhtay hen

Agar zameen men qaafiyay buhat say available hon tu usay "zarkhez zameen" kehtay hen.

Ake ehem baat

Ghazal ka har sher ake munfarid ikaai hota hay. Yaani us ka matlab kisi aur sher ka muhtaaj nahi. Ya yoon keh lejyay k kisi bhe do ashaar ka aapas men koi taaluk nahi hota. Kabhi kabhi aisa ho bhe sakta hay, Jaisay Mir ki darj-e-zel ghazal men hay. isay "qata band" kehtay hen. Sher k dono misron ka ake doosray say gehra rabt hota hay.

Kal paaun ake kaasaa-e-sar par jo aa gaya
Yaksar wo istakhwaan-e-shikasta say choor tha

Kehnay laga kay dekh kay chal rah bay-khabar
Main bhe kabhoo kisi ka sar-e-pur-gharoor tha

Takhalus

Shaair apna naam ya koi lafz apni pehchaan k taur par rakh letay hen aur usay ghazal k aakhri sher men likhtay hen. usay takhalus kehtay hen. chan examples

1. Naam Mirza asadullah, takhalus Ghalib
2. Naam Shaukat Ali Khan, takhalus Faani
3. Naam Muhammad Iqbal, takhalus Iqbal
etc.

Kuchh shaair do takhalus bhe kartay hen jaisay Ghalib sahab takhalus k taur par Asad bhe istemaal Kartay thay. baaz shaair koi takhalus nahi kartay aur na istemaal kartay hen.

Beher

Ilm-e-arooz men, zubaan (language) k mutalaa k baad kai rhythms bana liyay gayay hen. ya yoon kahiyay k rhythms banaanay k tareekay bayaan kar diyay gayay hen. jitni bhe rhythms banai jaa sakti hen, wo in bahoor (beher) men fit aa jaati hen. 8 aisay basic alfaaz hen jinhen afaaeel kaha jaata hay jin ko jor kar beher muratab hoti hay. basically 19 bahoor (beher) hen aur in bahoor k alag alag naam hen. in ko mazeed qismen hen jo kuch rules k zariyay kuchh changes say banaai gai hen. is par mazeed baat hoti rahay ge.

Harf-e-aakhir

Next chapters men hum kuch aur ibtidaai baaten, taqtee aur afaaeel bayaan karen gay. jadeed tareeka jo "2 1 2" ya "l s l" ko istemaal karta hay, is ko bhe fil-waqt use karengay.