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Ibtadaiya
Kuch ehem cheezon ka zikr pichhlay chapter men hua. Ab mazeed kuch ehem baaten jo poetry k shagirdon k knowledge men honi chahiyen un ko discuss karen gay.
Shutar Gurba
"shutar" oont ko kehtay hen aur "gurba" bili ko. example sher dekhiyay
Main ne maanaa k taghaful na karo gay lekin
Khaak ho jaain gay hum tum ko khaber honay tak (Ghalib)
Is sher k pehlay misray men Ghalib apnay liyay lafz "main" istemaal kartay hen aur doosray misray men "hum". Ye mila jula tareeka istemaal karrna ghalat jaana gaya hay books men. Ye ustaadon ki shaairi men bhe maujood lekin aatay men namak k baraber. Ake baat or ehem hay k ustaadon ne is maslay par ake doosray ko tanqeed ka nishana nahi banaya. Yaani qabool kiya hay. Hum is ki aur misaalen neechay day rahay hen, ustaadon k qalam say.
"teray" dar say ab hum safar kar chalay
jeeyo "tum" k ab hum guzar kar chalay (Mir Soze) ... (yahan teray aur tum shutar gurba hay)
.......
Mat ye ghabra kar "kaho", ab yaan say banda jaayay ga
Koi mar jaayay ga saahab, "aap" ka kya jaayay ga (Jur'at)
.........
Jisay "aap" gintay thay aashna, jisay "aap" kehtay thay bay-wafa
Main wohi hoon, Momin-e-mubtala, "tumhen" yaad ho k na yaad ho (Momin)
Aisay kai or bhe sher hen, jis say ye pata chalta hay k ustaadon ne khud aisa likha hay. Lekin books isay ghazal men aib jaanti hen. Hamari apni naa-qas raayay men is say bachna behtar hay, ku k ye parhnay walay par achha asar nahi chhorteen. Lekin isay aib na girdana jayay tu behtar.
Aawaazon ki adaaigi ka nizaam
Ilm-e-arooz men hum ye nahi dekhtay k koi lafz likha kaisay jata hay, balkay ye dekhen gay k wo bola kaisay jaata hay.
Urdu men aawaazon ki adaaigi ku k miqdaari hay, is liyay is men alfaaz chhoti aur lambi (do tarah ki) aawazon say mil kar bantay hen. chhoti aawaaz ake harf ki lambaai par mushtamil hoti hay aur lambi aawaaz do haroof ki lambai par. examples
Word "shadeed"
is men "sha" chhoti aawaaz, "dee" lambi aawaz aur phir "d" chhoti aawaz men hay
word sarmaayaa
is men "sar", "maa", "yaa" teenon lambi aawaaz men hen
word "dekhaa"
is men "de", "kha" dono lambi aawaazen hen
word "dikhaa"
is men "di" chhoti aawaaz aur "khaa" lambi aawaz men hay
word "paRaa"
is men "pa" chhoti aawaaz aur "Raa" lambi aawaz men hen
aagay hum aur misaalen den gay.
Jadeed tareeqa
Jadeed daur men logon ne ye tareekaa ikhtiyaar kiya hay, k chhoti aawaaz ko "1" ya "s" aur lambi aawaaz ko "2" ya "l" say zaahir katay hen. Ye tareeqa new seekhnay waalon k liyay achha hay. lekin jub hum aagay chaltay hen tu baad men hamen ye tareeqa kaar-aamad nahi lagta. Jaisay Taskeen-e-aust k asoolon say jub beher men tabdeeli ki jaati hay tu khaalis urdu discuss hoti hay. Hum in mazaameen men shuru men is ko istemaal karen gay lekin baad men ustaadon wala tareeka yaani "afaaeel"/"tafaaeel" he use karen gay. Ku k hamaray khayaal men is say practice sahi simt men ho ge.
In words ko dekhen
"khaanaa" = khaa = 2, naa = 2
"faaslaa" = faa = 2, s = 1, laa = 2
"dekhtay" = de = 2, kh = 1, tay = 2
"misraa" = mis = 2, raa = 2
"aaiyay" = aa = 2, i = 1, yay = 2
"kal chodhveen" = kal = 2, cho = 2, dh = 1, veen = 2
"guzaarish" = gu = 1, zaa = 2, rish = 2
"infiraadiyat" = in = 2, fi = 1, raa = 2, di = 1, yat = 2
"numaaish" = nu = 1, maa = 2, ish = 2
Kai aisay bhe alfaaz hen jin ko ada kartay waqt kuch haroof ki aawaaz do baar aati hay. urdu rasm-ul--khat men us harf k ooper ake nishaan jisay 'shad' kehtay hen daali di jaati hay. hum kuch alfaaz misaal men day rahay hen: -
"Mu'alim" = mu = 1, al = 2, lim = 2 (l repeat hua)
"Tashadud" = ta = 1, shad = 2, dud = 2 (d repeat hua)
"Kacha" = kach = 2, cha = 2 (ch repeat hua)
"Jabaar" = jab = 2, baar = 2 (b repeat hua)
Aisay kai aur alfaaz hen. Urdu talafuz jitna behtar ho ga, aasaani rahay ge.
Wazan
Agar kisi lafz ki aavaazon ki tarteeb ko alaamaat k kisi nizaam kay zariyay tu is tarteeb ya naqsha ko wazan kehtay hen. Jaisay ooper misaalon men kacha ka wazan 2-2 ya l-l hay.
Beher
Aisay he agar pooray misray ya sher ki aavaazon ko zaahir kiya jayay tu is ka ye majmooi wazan us ki beher kehlayay ga.
Sher main ye kaisay istemaal ho ga, ake misra Safi Lakhnavi sahab ka dekhtay hen
HameeN so gayay daastaaN kehte kehtay
Ha meeN so ga yay daa s taaN keh te keh tay
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
(Note: Hum ne is misray men "kehte" ko 2 1 aur "kehtay" ko 2 2 likha hay. Jub k both "kehtay" hay. Ye hum aagay chal kar bataain gay detail say k isay giraanay ka amal kehtay hen aur aisa ku kiya hum ne)
Ab aap ooper ki digits ko dekhen tu ye sets hen
122/122/122/122 ya sll/sll/sll/sll (beher ka digital frame)
Arooz men ye "faoolun" hay 4 baar. yaani..
fa-oo-lun, fa-oo-lun, fa-oo-lun, fa-oo-lun (beher)
Ye "beher-e-mutaqaarib" kehlaati hay. Detail hum baad men dekh len gay itna batana zaroori hay k, ku k ye apni asal haalat men yahan istemaal hui hay, is liyay isay beher-e-mutaqaarib saalim kaha jaayay ga.
Ab samajhnay k liyay aap is ki practice karen yaani... fa-oo-lun ko chaar baar parhen aur phir ooper k misray ko parhen. Aap note karen gay k beher ya misra parhtay huay zubaan kahin atakti nahi. Aur aawaaz ka utaar charhaao bhe same he rehta hay. Parhtay waqt ake baat zehen men rakhen k isay gun-gunaana nahi hay. Ye jis simple rhythm men aap parh saktay hen woh zehen nasheen ho jaayay ga tu is beher main aap k sher ghalati say paak rahen gay.
Ab is lesson k aakhir men isi beher k hum aur misray mix up kar k likh rahay hen. Inhen fa-oo-lun ki ooper di gai beher k saath baaar baar parhiyay. Aur phir isi beher main khud misray likhiyay aur check kejay k aap ko sahi kaisa lagta hay.
Jahaan tera naqsh-e-qadam dekhtay hen
Khiraamaan khiraamaan iram dekhtay hen (Ghalib)
Sitaaron say aagay jahaan aur bhe hen
Abhi ishq kay imtihaan aur bhe hen (Iqbal)
Khuda kay liyay yoon shab-e-maah men tum
Na nikla karo ghar say baahir akelay (Ameer Meenaai)
Kahin ho na jaain tasaduq sitaaray
Kahin chaand rukh ki balaain ne lay lay (Ameer Meenaai)
Harf-e-aakhir
Further chapter men hum thora sa lafzon ki adaaigi k tareekay par baat karen gay. Afaaeel aur bahoor (beher) ki taadaad aur naam. Saalim aur Muzaahif arkaan etc.
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