Easy Arooz - Chapter-3 (Bahoor & Afaaeel):Shayari ki Batein- Sawaal Jawaab

Ibtadaiya

Hum ne note kiya hay k ake tu hamaara subject buhat he khushk hay, ooper say hum jaisay khushk-go insaan ki zubaani tauba. Wallah, isay parhna aisa ho gaya hay jaisay k Cactus nigalna. Khair hamara maqsad ku k sirf kuch ilmi haqaaiq yahan mehfooz karna hay, so jaari rakhtay hen.

Alfaaz ki adaaigi

Chhoti aur lambi aawaazoN ko mad-e-nazar rakhtay huay, ye buhat ehem hay k alfaaz ki adaaigi sahi ho. Sukhan-gari ki duniya men, jub bhe sher kaha jata hay tu koshish hoti hay k sahi talafuz k saath alfaaz ko bandha jayay. Wagarna parhnay wala is baat say la-ilm ho ga k aap ne kaisay bandha hay kisi lafz ko aur parhtay huay us ki zubaan atkay ge, nateejatan us ki dilchaspi men kami ho ge. Thori si mazeed practice k liyay hum kuch lafz neechay likh rahay hen.

Sanam - Sa nam - 1 2
Sanam kadaa - Sa nam ka daa - 1 2 1 2
Sitam zareefi - Si tam za ree fee - 1 2 1 2 2
Gustakh - Gus taa kh - 2 2 1
Dard - Dar d - 2 1
Aaj - Aa j - 2 1
Mashmoolaat - mash moo laa t - 2 2 2 1
Hijr - Hij r - 2 1
Daam - Daa m - 2 1
Muskuraahat - Mus ku raa hat - 2 1 2 2

Afaaeel (Tafaaeel)
Afaaeel ki taadaad only 8 hay. In ko changes k saath jinhen in k zihaafaat kaha jaata hay bhe istemaal kiya jaata hay. Jub beher ki baat ho ge tu hum wo waazeh karen gay. Fil-waqt hum in 8 Afaaeel k naam likh rahay hen. Inhen jub urdu script men likha jata hay tu dashes(-) k saath nahi likha jaata, yahan ku k seekhnay/sikhaanay ka silsila hay is liyay aisa likh rahay hen.

1.   MA-FAA-EE-LUN
2.   FAA-I-LAA-TUN
3.   MUS-TAF-I-LUN
4.   MAF-OO-LAA-T
5.   MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN
6.   MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN
7.   FA-OO-LUN
8.   FAA-I-LUN

Yahaan buhat saari baaten hum skip kar rahay hen, sirf is liyay k in mazaameen ko mushkil nahi banaana. Lekin ehem baaton ko nazar-andaaz bhe nahi kiya jaa sakta. In Afaaeel ko kaisay istemaal karna hay, ye baat jaanenay k liyay thora sa wazan say mutalik parh lejay.

Wazan
Wazan ki do (2) qismen hen. Sarfi wazan and Aroozi wazan. Hamara wasta ku k Aroozi wazan say he rahay ga, is liyay just thora sa dekh letay hen k Sarfi wazan hota kya hay.

Sarfi Wazan
Sarfi wazan ka taluk Ilm-e-sarf say mutalik hay aur wohi is ka ta-aeeyun karta hay. Is ko misaal men hum likh detay hen taakay samajhna aasaan ho: -
Sarfi wazan k mutabik in alfaaz ka wazan ake he hay:
Manaazir, masaajid, madaaris, sataaish
Lekin Mujaahid, lataafat waghera ka sarfi wazan kuch aur hay.

Aroozi wazan
Aroozi wazan men hum yehi dekhtay hen k awaaz ki length kya hay, 1 ya 2, is say qata-nazar k haroof kya hain aur awaz ka utaar charhaao kya hay. Misaal k taur par
Manaazir, nihaari, zamaana, kadoorat, dua-go, mujaahid, lataafat, mubaarik, qayaamat, etc sub ka aroozi wazan ake he hay. Yaani fa-oo-lun.
Ab sub yaani 8 Afaaeel k samnay hum example words likh rahay hen.

MA-FAA-EE-LUN = Jigar kaavi = 1 2 2 2
FAA-I-LAA-TUN = Shaam-e-hijraaN = 2 1 2 2
MUS-TAF-I-LUN = Soorat-gari = 2 2 1 2
MAF-OO-LAA-T = dastaavez = 2 2 2 1
MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN = Gham-e-Aashqi = 1 1 2 1 2
MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN = Bahaar-e-Chaman = 1 2 1 1 2
FA-OO-LUN = Haseena = 1 2 2
FAA-I-LUN = Bartari = 2 1 2

Bahoor (beher)
Urdu men musta’mil bahoor taadaad men 19 hen. In men say kuch apni asal haalat men istemaal hoti hen or kuch mazaahif (yaani badli hui) shakal men istemaal hoti hen. Inhen urdu shairon ne kabhi apni asal haalat men istemaal nahi kiya jis ki waja ye hay k ye Arabic men tu kaam aati hon ge yaani ravaan hoti hon ge but Urdu men in men wo ravaani nahi aur na he wo mosiqeeyat. In k naam darj-e-zel hen: -

Bahoor k naam

1. Behr-e-Rajaz (MUS-TAF-I-LUN, 4 times)
   MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN

2. Behr-e-Ramal (FAA-I-LAA-TUN, 4 times)
   FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN

3. Behr-e-Kaamil (MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN, 4 times)
   MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN, MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN, MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN, MU-TA-FAA-I-LUN

4. Behr-e-Mutaqaarib (FA-OO-LUN, 4 times)
   FA-OO-LUN, FA-OO-LUN, FA-OO-LUN, FA-OO-LUN

5. Behr-e-Waafir (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN, MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN, MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN, MU-FAA-I-LA-TUN

6. Behr-e-Hazaj (MA-FAA-EE-LUN, 4 times)
   MA-FAA-EE-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN

7. Behr-e-Mutadaarik (FAA-I-LUN, 4 times)
   FAA-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN

8. Behr-e-Madeed (FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LUN, 2 times)
   FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LUN

9. Behr-e-Taveel (FA-OO-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, 2 times)
   FA-OO-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, FA-OO-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN

10. Behr-e-Baseet (MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN, 2 times)
   MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LUN

11. Behr-e-Jadeed (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   FAA-I-LAA-TUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN

12. Behr-e-Khafeef (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   FAA-I-LAA-TUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN

13. Behr-e-Saree’ (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MAF-OO-LAAT

14. Behr-e-Qareeb (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MA-FAA-EE-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN

15. Behr-e-Mujtas (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN

16. Behr-e-Muzaare’ (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MA-FAA-EE-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, FAA-I-LAA-TUN

17. Behr-e-Muqtazab (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MAF-OO-LAAT, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MAF-OO-LAAT, MUS-TAF-I-LUN

18. Behr-e-Munsarah (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MAF-OO-LAAT, MUS-TAF-I-LUN, MAF-OO-LAAT

19. Behr-e-Mashaakal (sirf Muzaahif shakal men)
   FAA-I-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN, MA-FAA-EE-LUN

Bahoor ko parhnay ka tareeqa
Roman Urdu k istemaal ki waja say hum majboor ho gayay hen k Afaaeel k talafuz ko bhe kuch detail say likh den. Taakay parhnay walay isay usi talafuz men parhen jo k ilm-e-arooz men raaij hay.

MUS =   jaisay Mushtaaq, khush ya husn men U ka talafuz hay.

TAF =   jaisay saf, harf, kar men A ka talafuz hay.

I =   I ki awaz ko ravaani men ghaaib nahi karna, jaisay sirf, phir, har-giz men I ki awaaz ghaib ho jaati hay. Ye kis bhe jaga aayay is ki aawaaz ko ada karna hay, Maslan MUS-TAF-I-LUN ko aisay parhen “Mustaf Ilun”.. jaisay If, ink, aur ishq men I ki aawaaz ada hoti hay aisay ada karna hay.

LUN = Jaisay, Gun-gunanaa, Suna, Tum men U ki aawaaz hay.

TUN = same as MUS and LUN

FAA = double AA ko aisay ada karna hay jaisay, khaanaa, jaanaa, dikhaanaa men double AA ki awaz hay.

LAA = same as FAA

TA = jaisay tanz, main TA ki aawaaz hay.

MA = jaisay majaaz, marz, men MA ki aawaaz hay. Same as TA.

OO = OO ki aawaz bhe alehda say ada ho gee. Jaisay, oont, ooncha men oo ki aawaz hay. Maslan FA-OO-LUN ko english word foul ki tarah nahi parhna. balkay FA pehlay phir OO and phir LUN.

EE = jaisay eent men EE ki aawaaz hay.

Muzaahif Shakal
Is ko samajhnay k liyay aisay samajh lejay k jaisay hindustaani moseeqi men 7 sur hen (sa ray ga ma pa dha ni). In ko in ki asal ya phir thori say tabdeeli k saath istemaal kar k saaray raag gaayay jaa saktay hen. Ye sur apni asal shakal men “shudh sur”, kehlaatay hen. In men thori si tabdeeli kar k ya yoon keh len k thora sa bhaari kar k mazeed sur banayay gayay hen yaani (ray ga dha ni) ki changed shakal ko “komal sur” kehtay hen. Aisay he shaairi men asal afaaeel ki taadaad 8 hay or inhen “saalim” kehtay hen aur jub ye changed shakal men aatay hen tu inhen “muzaahif” kaha jaata hay.
Inhen change karnay k buhat motay aur daqeeq qisim k rules hen jin par tabsira karna ya yahaan bayaan karna hum jaisay shaagirdon k bus ki baat nahi aur na zaroorat.

Harf-e-aakhir
Further chapter men hum <sigh> pata nahi kya karen gay.

Phir milen gay agar khuda laaya

zindagi dhoop tum ghanaa saayaa ;]